Moringa oleifera Lam. (Family Moringaceae) is well known in Indian system of medicine. Moringa oleifera (Lam.) has many common names ben oil, horseradish, and miracle tree. It is found wild and cultivated throughout the plains, and is near the sandy beds of rivers and streams. For the correct identification of similar looking species, there should be well documented characteristics of plant. The study of the fresh leaves and powdered study were carried out to determine the morphological, microscopical, some physicochemical and phytochemical parameters. The evaluation of preliminary phytochemical investigations was carried out which shows the aqueous and alcoholic extracts are rich in maximum number of phytoconstituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, tannins and carbohydrates. Physicochemical Parameters like foreign organic matter (2.5%), total moisture content (8.9%) Ash values (Total ash, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, sulphated ash) were evaluated which are found to be within standard limits.

In recent years, diabetes mellitus has been linked to an increased risk of osteoporosis related fractures and osteoarthritis. In the past, Psoraleae Fructus (PF) has been found to decrease bone damage. However, it is uncertain if Psoraleae Fructus can protect diabetics from developing osteoporosis. This study looks at the effects of Psoraleae Fructus on bone oxidative stress and turnover markers in diabetic rats. Streptozotocin induced diabetes (STZ) Diabetic Sprague Dawley rats (n = 6) were administered one of three treatments a through gavage: Saline (control), metformin (1000mg/kg bw), or Psoraleae Fructus (1000mg/kg bw) over an 8-week period. A healthy rat group was employed as a standard control group. Insulin, oxidative stress and bone turnover markers were measured in the blood using ELISA assays. Diabetic rats given Psoraleae Fructus therapy had significantly greater insulin and osteocalcin levels than diabetic control rats. Psoraleae Fructus may be able to prevent diabetic osteoporosis by boosting osteogenesis and lowering bone oxidative stress. These findings support the use of Psoraleae Fructus in diabetic individuals as an osteoporosis therapy.

Background: Frequent consumption saturated fatty acids and fructose increase risk of metabolic syndrome (MS). Features of MS include dyslipidemia, visceral obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension. In this study we investigate the role of Nigella sativa and ginger in ameliorating features of MS. Methods: High‐fructose high‐fat fed diet was used for induction MS which was certain after 8 weeks. Four group animals were used: normal control, MS control group given saline, MS groups given Nigella sativa (4ml/kg) and ginger (500mg/kg) daily for 4 weeks. Markers chosen for assessment included effect on body weight gain, insulin, glucose, adiponectin levels and lipid profile. Also peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma (PPARγ) protein expressions and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) content were estimated. In addition, Blood pressure, heart rate, LDH and CK-MB were estimated. Also renal function test and antioxidant activity were evaluated. In addition, to CRP and fibrinogen determined. Results: Nigella sativa and ginger caused decrease in both MS‐induced increase in body weight and glucose. The drugs used increased adiponectin and decreased insulin level and resistance, with correction of MS‐induced hyperlipidemia. There is an increase in PPARγ protein expression and GLUT4 compared with MS control group. Furthermore, both drugs caused decrease in both MS‐induced increase in heart rate and blood pressure. They reduced albumin, creatinine, BUN, uric acid and MDA with increased SOD and GSH. Drugs also decreased fibrinogen and CRP compared with MS control group. Conclusion: Nigella sativa and ginger ameliorate cardiac and renal complication of MS via their antioxidant activity and increase in GLUT4 and PPARγ expression.

Background: The crude ethanolic extract of Lawsania Inermis produced significant and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects in rats, while the butanol and chloroform fractions of the extract showed significantly more anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic and effects than the crude and aqueous extracts. This suggests that constituents of the extracts differ from one to the other in their pharmacological properties. Furthermore, the exact mechanism of action as anti-inflammatory, antipyretic or analgesic activity has not been investigated. Methods: The leaves of Lawsonia Inermis (500g) were subjected to successive extraction with deferent solvents in the following order: light petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and distilled water. Three models were used to test anti-inflammatory activity Carrageenan-induced paw edema in normal and adrenalectomized rats and six-day air pouch in rats representing the acute state and the adjuvant induced arthritis representing the chronic one. Cortisol level was measured in rats challenged for paw edema test. Two models were used to investigate the analgesic activity of different extracts: The acetic acid-induced writhing model and Randell-Selitto model. Results: The four extract of Lawsonia Inermis decreased paw edema in normal and adrenalectomized rats. In addition decrease in the volume of exudates and leukocytic number induced by carrageenan in air pouches. Furthermore, tested extracts showed decrease in the hind paw diameters induced by Complete Freundʼs adjuvant injection. The four extracts decreased the number of writhing movement in mice and pain hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli in rats. All the four extract increased the cortisol level which is a novel effect. 

Using streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats, the impact of Taxus yunnanensis aqueous extract (TYE) on bone loss was studied. Streptozotocin causes diabetes (STZ). Diabetic Sprague Dawley rats (n = 6) were administered one of three treatments through gavage: saline (control), metformin (1000mg/kg/day), or Taxus yunnanensis extract (200mg/kg/day) for eight weeks. When compared to controls, the bone mineral density (BMD) was higher. These findings show that Taxus yunnanensis extract might be beneficial in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, particularly in the prevention of bone fracture in diabetic rats caused by STZ. When diabetic rats were given Taxus yunnanensis extract, their insulin and osteocalcin levels were much greater than in diabetic control rats. The inhibition of bone turnover appears to be the cause of Taxus yunnanensis extracts prevention or therapeutic actions on diabetic rats bone loss. These findings support the use of Taxus yunnanensis extract in diabetic individuals to treat osteoporosis.