Osteoporosis is a worldwide disease characterized by reduction of bone mass and alteration of bone architecture resulting in increased bone fragility and increased fracture risk. Although it is seen in all age groups, gender, and races, it is more common in Caucasians (white race), older people, and women. With an aging population and longer life span, osteoporosis is increasingly becoming a global epidemic. Currently, it has been estimated that more than 200 million people are suffering from osteoporosis. Moreover, osteoporosis results in a decreased quality of life, increased disability-adjusted life span, and big financial burden to health insurance systems of countries that are responsible for the care of such patients. Therefore, increasing awareness in medical field, which, in turn, facilitates increase awareness of the normal populace, will be effective in preventing this epidemic.

Diatoms representing aquatic phototrophs play major role in biogeochemical cycle of silica and fixes global carbon. In the present study the larger marine diatoms were isolated and identified from the Marakkanam sea coast, North East of Tamil Nadu, India. The diatoms were identified and classified using both traditional and morphological methods. The isolation of micro-algae was done using agar plating technique (2% agar in F/2 medium).The diatoms isolated from the coast were dominated by three classes belonging to Bacillariophyceae, Mediophyceae and Coscinodiscophyceae. About 12 genera and 14 species of larger diatoms were isolated and identified in the current study which emphasis the species abundance of the Marakkanam coast and their rich nutritional profile.

Sodium-dependent glucose transporters 2 inhibitor (SGLT2I) has been shown in recent research to have potential deleterious effects on the skeleton, including an increased risk of fracture in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM). Effects generated by all SGLT2I class medications, including dapagliflozin, may play a role in this risk. The purpose of this trial was to see if geraniin could help prevent dapagliflozin induced bone loss. Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes. Diabetic rats were administered either dapagliflozin (1.0mg/kg/day) or geraniin (40mg/kg) alone or in combination for eight weeks. BMD (Bone mineral density) of the femur and lumbar vertebrae was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the end of the trial. Serum glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin serum were also tested. Both alone and in combination, the treatment significantly reduced elevated blood glucose levels. Dapagliflozin therapy significantly lowered HBA1C levels when compared to the positive control. Geraniin and dapagliflozin together significantly lowered blood glucose and HBA1C levels. In the femur and lumbar vertebrae, dapagliflozin showed unfavourable effects on BMD, but geraniin treatment considerably reduced these effects. This study suggests that geraniin supplementation could be an effective way to reduce dapagliflozin-induced bone loss in diabetics using the drug.

Centella asiatica is a well-known medicinal herb in Indian medicine that is used to treat a variety of skin disorders. The goal of the research presented in this article was to assess the wound healing capacity of the plant's ethanolic extract alone and in combination with β-glucans. Incision and excision wounds were used in the investigation on Wistaralbino rats. When compared to controls, the extract of Centella asiatica containing β-glucans significantly increased wound breaking strength in an incision wound model (p<0.001). When compared to control wounds, the combination treated wounds epithelized faster and had a significantly higher rate of wound contraction (p<0.001). In a rat model, the results showed that the plant extract with β-glucans improves wound healing considerably.

The present study was aimed to design new oral controlled release matrix tablets of new NSAID Aceclofenac for once a day by using 10, 15, 20 and 25% of GG: HPMC and XG: HPMC mixture in the ratio 1:1 by wet granulation method. The prepared tablets subjected to in vitro drug release studies in pH 7.4 buffer solution. All the formulation meets the pre-compression and compression characteristics. All the tablets prepared with 10, 15, 20 and 25% of HPMC: XG mixture in the ratio 1:1 fails to meet the requirement of complete release of the drug in 24h. The tablet formulations containing 10% and 15% of GG: HPMC mixture fails to control release of drug upto 24h. The formulation AHG20 controlled release of drug upto 24h and released more than 97% of the drug in 24h. Hence considered as the best formulation. The optimized tablet batch formulations AHG20 showed no change in drug content or in vitro release pattern after storage at 40^oC/75% RH for 30 days. The FTIR studies indicated absence of interaction between aceclofenac and tablet excipients used in the matrix tablets. It has been observed from the above study that excipients like HPMC, xanthan gum, guar gum and microcrystalline cellulose were ideal excipients and effective for formulating controlled release matrix tablets. As these excipients are easily available, inexpensive and compatible. Controlled release matrix tablets provide several advantages reduce dose related toxicity, reduce drug waste and improve patient compliance.