The present study described the synthesis of biocompatible Zinc oxide nanoparticles from the zinc acetate through eco-friendly green process using leaf extract of Phyllanthusniruri leaf and its antibacterial activity and its application in food packaging. The green synthesized Zno nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Ultra violet spectroscopy, Photoluminescence spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). FTIR studies confirm the presence of biomolecules and metal oxides. UV spectrum and PL spectrum study revealed the optical properties of ZnO NPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) structural analysis reveals the formation of a high rate of crystalline behaviour and controlled morphology. The surface morphologies of ZnO nanoparticles observed under a Fourier-transform scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) suggest that the presence of Zine and Oxygen molecules on the surface area and the most ZnO crystallites are spherical in shape. Then it was tested against four bacterial pathogens viz., Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis. The biosynthesized nanoparticle synthesized from leaf extract of cassia auriculata exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Since ZnO nanoparticle synthesized from Phyllanthusniruri leaf has potent antimicrobial activity, it may be incorporated in polymeric matrices in order to provide antimicrobial activity to the packaging material and improve packaging properties.

Food borne diseases and poisoning have great public health concern worldwide. Staphylococcus is one of the foods borne pathogen responsible for causing food borne illness worldwide after ingestion of food contaminated with staphylococcal toxins. This study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococci isolated from poultry and poultry house environment in Ihiagwa, Imo State, Nigeria. A total of 140 samples which includes cloacal swabs, body swabs, footpad swabs, water and environment swabs were collected under aseptic precautions using a sterile swab sticks and cultured on mannitol salt agar. Staphylococcus was identified based on their conventional cultural characteristics, Gram staining reaction and standard biochemical tests. All the isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by the disk diffusion technique according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) on Mueller-Hinton Agar. Out of 140 samples of poultry and poultry house environment, 90 (64.38%) yielded Staphylococcal isolates. The highest prevalence of Staphylococcal isolates in farm A was recorded in footpad (72%), while the least was observed in body (42.86%). In farm B, the highest prevalence was observed in water, environment, cloacal samples (100% of each), and least was body (71.43%). Most of the isolates were resistant to Nalidixic acid (62.50%) followed by Sulphamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (60.94%), Erythromycin (57.81%), Oxacillin (54.69%) and were sensitive to Amoxycillin/Clavulanic acid (68.75), Amoxycillin (62.50), Ampicillin (56.25%), and Norfloxacin (50%). This study highlighted high prevalence and antibiotic resistance; thus, the need to adopt new strategies in the control of antibiotic resistance cannot be overemphasized.

Breast cancer occurs when cells in breast tissue mutate and keep dividing. These abnormal cells form a tumor. A tumor is said to be malignant when these invade other parts of the breast. Up to 10% of all breast cancers are thought to be inherited, and most of the cases are due to defects in one or more genes, especially the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene. The Breast Ovarian Cancer-1 BROVCA1 can be caused by mutation in BRCA1 gene on chromosome 17y. The genes confer cellular phenotypes consistent with a role in tumor formation. Different terms are applied in this area including computer aided drug designing, insilico drug design. Targeting Bcl2 family members become an important and attractive approach towards cancer therapy. In different malignancies the Bcl2 family proteins and Bcl2 like proteins are compound of anti-apoptotic machinery and are over expressed.