In the past ten years, nanotechnology has significantly addressed a number of nanomaterials in the biomedical field, offering the chance to obtain more effective therapy, more targeted distribution, and an enhanced safety profile. During drug distribution, nanocarriers may be able to shield the active chemical. The delivery of medications and genes has improved the molecule's bioavailability at the illness site and provided good control over the molecule's release, depending on the nanosystem being used. This chapter covers a variety of cutting-edge nanomaterials intended to create improved nanocarrier systems for treating ailments like malaria, heart failure and cancer. Additionally, we show how promising nanocarriers are for facilitating biodistribution and diagnostic ease for effective clinical cancer therapy.