The aim of study to develop a pharmaceutically stable, cost effective and quality improved formulation of Clopidogrel tablets. Rapidly disintegrating tablets of Clopidogrel can be prepared by Mass Extrusion technique using the different superdisintegrants, namely Sodium starch glycolate, Avicel PH 102, and Low Hydroxy Propyl Cellulose. The tablets were evaluated for Shape and Color of tablets, Uniformity of thickness, Hardness test, Weight variation test percentage friability, Drug content uniformity, Wetting time, Water absorption ratio, In vitro dispersion time, Disintegration time, In vitro dissolution studies and Stability studies. Amongst all the formulations, formulation containing sodium starch glycolate as superdisintegrants is fulfilling all the parameters satisfactorily. The formulations F3, F6, F9 were selected for stability studies on the basis of their better and satisfactory evaluation studies parameter. These formulations showed not much variation in any parameter even after the period of 30 days. From these results it was concluded that, formulations F3, F6, F9 are found to be stable and retained their original properties.

The main objective of this work is to improve half life and bioavailability of Ciprofloxacin by increasing the gastric residence time which is achieved by formulating as Ciprofloxacin Hcl floating tablets. These formulations also improve pharmacotherapy of stomach during bacterial infection by releasing the drug locally and results high concentration of drug in stomach. These improved half life of Ciprofloxacin shows prolong action of drug in controlled manner for long period in stomach. The floating tablets of Ciprofloxacin Hcl were prepared by wet granulation technique using various polymers like HPMC K4M, Eudragit 100S and Guar gum with combination of sodium bicarbonate and citric acid as gas generating agent. The work was concluded that Ciprofloxacin floating tablets are used to decrease dose frequency of drug, also avoid fluctuations that caused by conventional tablets and also it helps to reduce the adverse effects caused by ciprofloxacin at higher doses.

Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor, belongs to group of benzimidazole, used for the treatment of gastric and duodenum ulcers. The objective of the present investigation was to design and develop Pantoprazole Delayed Release Tablets. Delayed release tablets of Pantoprazole were prepared by wet granulation method using HPMC and polyvinyl pyrrolidone as polymer, Avicel PH 102 (MCC) as filler and starch as binder. The prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, weight variation, friability and drug content uniformity and it was found that the results comply with official standards. The higher concentration of HPMC showed better sustained release properties than the PVP as polymer.

This paper is specifically designed to explain the important scientific points of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technology in forensic science and molecular biology. Scientific procedures presented in the paper are complex, simple were specifically designed to better explain and reinforce the key concepts of PCR. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a laboratory technique for amplifying a specific sequence of a minute amount of Deoxyribonucleic acid even from a single hair root or a microscopic blood stain left at a crime scene. Today's PCR has found widespread and innumerable uses in forensics, genetics, DNA fingerprinting, bacteriology, virology, cloning and many other areas. Major research areas such as biomarker discovery, gene regulation and cancer research are challenging today’s PCR technologies with more demanding requirements. Reproducibility of data and time to results are still major problems encountered by researchers.