Scleropyrum pentandrum (Dennst.) Mabb of santalaceae family is a small tree of divine forests of different parts of Kerala and entire world. It is common to sandy soil of Peninsular India, Western Ghats, South and Central Sahyadris and coastal Kerala. Traditionally Scleropyrum is important in different biological activities. Tribal communities in different region of entire world is benefiting from this medicinal plant. This study explains the anthelmintic activity of the root of the Scleropyrum pentandrum. The aqueous extract and alcoholic extract were tested for the anthelmintic activity and found marked beneficial activity. Further study is needed to isolate and elucidate its medicinally active components. Also, necessary studies can be done to evaluate each compound for its pharmacological identities as much study is not done with this plant.
Butea monosperma (Lam), is very common moderate sized widely distributed tree belongs to Kuntze (Syn. Butea frondosa; Family Fabaceae), which is deciduous, Burma and Ceylon, popularly known as 'dhak' or 'palas', commonly known as ‘Flame of forest’ throughout the India. Fresh leaves and flowers of the plant were collected, dried, homogenized and extracted using 70% Ethanol and distilled water. Phytochemical analysis of alcoholic extract gave positive results for steroids, triterpinoids, reducing sugars, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and aqueous extract gave positive results for tannins. Triterpinoids, reducing sugars, alkaloids, phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Hepatoprotective activity was assay on cultured hepatocytes of mice to conclude that aqueous extract of both leaves and flower has ability to protect hepatocytes from CCl4 induced stress.
This study focused on the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from livestock in Obinze, Owerri Imo State Nigeria. A total of 100 nasal swabs sample were collected, 86 samples were from goat, 9 samples were from cow and five samples were from ram. The samples were inoculated onto mannitol salt agar and the culture plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The colonies showing yellow colour on mannitol salt agar were presumably identified as Staphylococcus spp; S. aureus was identified by biochemical tests. Antibiotics susceptibility pattern was determined by the disc diffusion method. The result of overall prevalence of the Staphylococcus aureus was 64%, with 62.79% isolates from goat sample, 66.67% isolates from cow sample and 80% isolates from ram samples. The frequency of resistance to antibiotics as observed in the animals were Sulphamethoxazole Trimethoprim 6(12.77%), Nalidixic acid 32(68.09%), Erythromycin 9(19.15%), Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid 16(34.04%), Amoxicillin 17(36.17%), Oxacillin 26(55.32%), Gentamycin 9(19.15%), Ciprofloxacin 6(12.77%), Norfloxacin 20(42.55%), Ampicilin19 (40.43%), Streptomycin 17(36.17%). Sulphamethoxazole-Trimethoprim and Ciprofloxacin were the most sensitive antibiotics. The antimicrobial resistant pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolate from the animals showed that 7(14.89%) of the isolate were resistant to only one antibiotic and 2(4.26%) isolates were resistant to 2 antibiotics and multidrug resistance was observed in 24(51.07%) isolate of from goat, cow and ram giving a total of 33(70.22%) resistant to antimicrobial agent respectively. The high prevalence of resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus observed in this study may play a potential role of disseminating antibiotics resistant traits between animals and humans in the study area. Therefore, continued surveillance of this resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus is very important for early prevention and control of community acquired infection.
